Target type: cellularcomponent
A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains nearly completed preribosomal particles destined for the cytoplasm. [PMID:10754561]
Granular components are subcellular structures found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They are characterized by their granular appearance, often containing densely packed particles or granules. These granules can be composed of various materials, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Granular components play diverse roles in cellular function, including:
Storage and release of cellular materials: Granules can serve as storage sites for various molecules, such as enzymes, hormones, and signaling molecules. When needed, these granules can release their contents into the cytoplasm or extracellular space.
Cellular detoxification: Certain granular components, such as lysosomes and peroxisomes, are involved in detoxification processes. They break down and neutralize harmful substances, including toxins, reactive oxygen species, and waste products.
Cellular signaling: Some granules contain signaling molecules that are involved in intracellular and intercellular communication. They can trigger specific cellular responses, such as gene expression, cell growth, and apoptosis.
Ribosomes and polyribosomes: These are granular components responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. Polyribosomes are groups of ribosomes attached to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, allowing for efficient translation of proteins.
Secretory granules: These granules are responsible for packaging and releasing proteins and other molecules outside the cell. They are often found in cells that produce hormones, enzymes, and other secreted substances.
Examples of granular components include:
Lysosomes: Membrane-bound organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down cellular waste and debris.
Peroxisomes: Membrane-bound organelles involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of reactive oxygen species.
Golgi apparatus: A stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs involved in protein modification, sorting, and packaging.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): A network of interconnected membranes involved in protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, and detoxification.
Mitochondria: Double-membrane-bound organelles involved in energy production through cellular respiration.
The specific composition and function of granular components vary depending on the cell type and its physiological state. They are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and carrying out various cellular processes.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Nucleophosmin | A nucleophosmin that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P06748] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Nucleophosmin | A nucleophosmin that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P06748] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
imatinib | aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
pd 173955 | PD 173955: inhibits src family-selective tyrosine kinase; structure in first source | aryl sulfide; dichlorobenzene; methyl sulfide; pyridopyrimidine | tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
ellagic acid | catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol | antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent | |
bosutinib | 4-((2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)-3-quinolinecarbonitrile: a Src kinase inhibitor; structure in first source | aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; N-methylpiperazine; nitrile; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
crizotinib | crizotinib : A 3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine that has R configuration at the chiral centre. The active enantiomer, it acts as a kinase inhibitor and is used for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Crizotinib: A piperidine and aminopyridine derivative that acts as an inhibitor of RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES, including ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE (ALK) and HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (HGFR; c-Met). It is used in the treatment of NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER. | 3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine | antineoplastic agent; biomarker; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor |
ceritinib | ceritinib : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 2,6-diamino-5-chloropyrimidine in which the amino groups at positions 2 and 6 are respectively carrying 2-methoxy-4-(piperidin-4-yl)-5-methylphenyl and 2-(isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl substituents. Used for the treatment of ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. ceritinib: an anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor | aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; piperidines; secondary amino compound; sulfone | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor |