Page last updated: 2024-10-24

response to water-immersion restraint stress

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of water immersion while being held immobile. [PMID:10882227]

Response to water-immersion restraint stress is a complex biological process involving multiple physiological and behavioral responses aimed at maintaining homeostasis in the face of an acute and significant challenge. When an organism is submerged in water and physically restrained, it experiences a cascade of stressors that activate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to the release of various hormones and neurotransmitters. This, in turn, triggers a series of physiological changes, including:

- **Increased heart rate and blood pressure:** The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the heart and blood vessels to increase blood flow and oxygen delivery to vital organs.
- **Release of adrenaline and cortisol:** These hormones are key players in the stress response, further enhancing heart rate and blood pressure, mobilizing energy stores, and suppressing immune function.
- **Respiratory changes:** The organism will struggle to breathe, leading to increased respiratory rate and depth. This may also involve gasping for air and attempts to escape the submerged environment.
- **Metabolic changes:** The body will shift to a "fight-or-flight" mode, mobilizing energy reserves and increasing glucose levels to fuel the stress response.
- **Behavioral changes:** Depending on the organism and the severity of the stress, behavioral changes may include:
- **Struggling:** Attempts to escape the restraint or the submerged environment.
- **Vocalization:** Sounds may be produced as a sign of distress.
- **Freezing:** A temporary state of paralysis or immobility.

The duration and intensity of the stress response will vary depending on factors such as the duration of the water-immersion, the restraint method, and the individual's physiological and psychological state. Chronic exposure to water-immersion restraint stress can have detrimental effects on both physical and mental well-being, leading to physiological damage, immunosuppression, and even death.

This complex interplay of physiological and behavioral responses highlights the intricate nature of the organism's adaptation to this challenging environmental stress.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q00987]Homo sapiens (human)
Forkhead box protein O3A forkhead box protein O3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O43524]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (20)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
catecholcatecholsallelochemical;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
gossypolGossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.
quinone1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.

benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.

quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).
1,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
vorinostatvorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).

Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.
dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
apomorphineApomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
cytarabinebeta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
nutlin 3stilbenoid
syringaresinol(+)-syringaresinol : The (7alpha,7'alpha,8alpha,8'alpha)-stereoisomer of syringaresinol.syringaresinolantineoplastic agent
nutlin 2
nutlin 1nutlin 1: an MDM2 antagonist; structure in first source
nutlin-3anutlin 3: an MDM2 antagonist; structure in first sourcestilbenoid
MI-63MI-63 : An azaspiro compound resulting from the formal fusion of position 3 of 6-chloro-oxindole with position 3 of (2R,3SS5S)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide. It is a potent inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction.azaspiro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
oxindoles;
pyrrolidines;
secondary carboxamide
apoptosis inducer
nutlin-3bNutlin;
piperazinone
anticoronaviral agent
pb 12
spautin-1
nvp-cgm097NVP-CGM097: an MDM2 and HDM2 inhibitor; structure in first source
rg7388RG7388: structure in first source
sar405838SAR405838: an inhibitor of the interaction of MDM2 and p53; has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source
rg7112
amg 232