regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_miRNA, GOC:rph, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23765923]
Mesodermal cell differentiation is a tightly regulated process that transforms unspecialized cells into diverse mesodermal lineages, including muscle, blood, cartilage, bone, and connective tissue. This process is orchestrated by a complex interplay of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications.
**Key Signaling Pathways:**
* **TGF-β/BMP pathway:** Plays a central role in mesodermal induction and specification, influencing the expression of key transcription factors.
* **Wnt pathway:** Contributes to mesoderm formation, specifically promoting the development of muscle and blood lineages.
* **Hedgehog pathway:** Involved in regulating cell fate decisions within the mesoderm, influencing the differentiation of various mesodermal subtypes.
* **Notch pathway:** Regulates cell-cell interactions and lateral inhibition, ensuring proper patterning and differentiation within the mesoderm.
**Transcription Factors:**
* **Pax genes:** Play crucial roles in mesoderm development, specifying different mesodermal subtypes.
* **MyoD family:** Essential for muscle cell differentiation, promoting the expression of muscle-specific genes.
* **GATA factors:** Involved in the development of various mesodermal lineages, including blood and heart.
* **Sox genes:** Contribute to the differentiation of specific mesodermal cell types, such as cartilage and bone.
**Epigenetic Regulation:**
* **Histone modifications:** Changes in histone acetylation and methylation patterns influence gene expression during mesoderm development.
* **DNA methylation:** Methylation patterns can alter gene expression, contributing to the regulation of cell fate.
**Steps in Mesodermal Cell Differentiation:**
1. **Mesoderm induction:** Signaling molecules, such as TGF-β and BMP, induce the formation of the mesoderm from the germ layers.
2. **Mesoderm patterning:** Specific signaling pathways and transcription factors pattern the mesoderm into distinct domains, specifying future cell lineages.
3. **Cell fate determination:** Within each mesodermal domain, cells acquire specific identities, such as muscle or blood progenitor cells.
4. **Differentiation:** Progenitor cells undergo a series of changes in gene expression and protein synthesis, leading to the formation of mature, functional mesodermal cells.
The regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation is a dynamic and intricate process, with multiple signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications working in concert to ensure proper development of diverse mesodermal lineages.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Bone morphogenetic protein 4 | A bone morphogenetic protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P12644] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (3)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| dorsomorphin | dorsomorphin : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by pyridin-4-yl and p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl groups, respectively. It is a potent, selective, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase, EC 2.7.11.31) and a selective inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. dorsomorphin: an AMPK inhibitor | aromatic ether; piperidines; pyrazolopyrimidine; pyridines | bone morphogenetic protein receptor antagonist; EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} inhibitor |
| ldn 193189 | LDN 193189: inhibits bone morphogenetic protein signaling | pyrimidines | |
| ml347 | ML347: an ALK2 inhibitor; structure in first source |