Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:24187568]
Positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process is a complex biological process that involves a series of molecular events leading to the programmed death of activated CD8+ T cells. This process is tightly regulated to ensure appropriate immune responses and prevent excessive immune activation, which can lead to autoimmune diseases or tissue damage. Here's a detailed breakdown of the process:
**1. Activation of CD8+ T cells:**
* CD8+ T cells are a type of immune cell that plays a critical role in targeting and destroying infected or cancerous cells.
* Upon encountering their specific antigen presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), CD8+ T cells become activated and differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs).
* Activation triggers a cascade of signaling events, leading to the expression of various genes involved in CTL function, including the expression of Fas ligand (FasL), a death receptor ligand.
**2. Induction of Apoptosis:**
* Activated CTLs express FasL on their surface, which can interact with Fas, a death receptor expressed on the surface of target cells, including activated CD8+ T cells themselves.
* This interaction triggers the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) on the target cell membrane, leading to activation of caspase-8, an initiator caspase.
* Caspase-8 activates downstream caspases, leading to a cascade of proteolytic events that ultimately result in the dismantling of the cell and its components, leading to apoptosis.
**3. Regulation of Apoptosis:**
* The process of positive regulation involves mechanisms that promote or enhance the apoptotic process.
* This can involve factors that upregulate FasL expression, enhance Fas signaling, or activate downstream apoptotic pathways.
* Cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2 can promote FasL expression and enhance Fas signaling.
* Certain intracellular signaling pathways, such as the MAPK pathway, can also contribute to the upregulation of apoptotic signals.
**4. Significance of Positive Regulation:**
* The positive regulation of activated CD8+ T cell apoptosis is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis.
* It ensures that activated CTLs are eliminated after they have successfully cleared the infection or eliminated the cancerous cells.
* This prevents excessive immune activation, which could lead to autoimmune diseases or tissue damage.
* Dysregulation of this process can lead to uncontrolled T cell activation, contributing to conditions such as autoimmune disorders or chronic inflammation.'"
Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 | A programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:Q9NZQ7] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
sesamin | (+)-sesamin : A lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. | benzodioxoles; furofuran; lignan | antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
pomalidomide | 3-aminophthalimidoglutarimide: structure in first source | aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator |
apiin | apiin : A beta-D-glucoside having a beta-D-apiosyl residue at the 2-position and a 5,4'-dihydroxyflavon-7-yl moiety at the anomeric position. apiin: structure | beta-D-glucoside; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone | EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
fosbretabulin | stilbenoid |