Target type: biologicalprocess
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac jelly over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac jelly is an acellular gelatinous matrix secreted by the myocardium and plays a central role in the septation of the heart. [GO_REF:0000094, GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:10645959, PMID:16314491, PMID:19703439]
Cardiac jelly is a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that forms during vertebrate heart development. It plays a crucial role in heart morphogenesis and acts as a scaffold for the migrating and differentiating cardiomyocytes.
The formation of cardiac jelly begins during early heart development, specifically in the process of heart tube formation. As the cardiac mesoderm folds to form the heart tube, a layer of cells called the endocardium forms the inner lining of the tube. This layer secretes a complex mixture of ECM components, including hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans (such as versican and chondroitin sulfate), and collagens. These components create a loose, gel-like substance known as cardiac jelly.
Cardiac jelly acts as a transient scaffold that provides structural support for the developing heart tube. Its unique composition and properties allow for the migration of cardiomyocytes from the myocardium (outer layer of the heart tube) to the endocardium. This migration process is essential for the formation of the trabeculae, which are the internal folds that increase the surface area of the heart chambers.
As heart development progresses, the cardiac jelly undergoes significant changes. Some of the ECM components are degraded and remodeled, while others are replaced by more mature ECM components. This dynamic process is crucial for the formation of the mature heart valves and the proper alignment of the cardiomyocytes.
The composition and properties of cardiac jelly are also important for signaling pathways involved in heart development. The ECM molecules in cardiac jelly can bind to growth factors and signaling molecules, regulating their availability and activity. This, in turn, influences the differentiation and growth of the cardiomyocytes and other cardiac cell types.
In summary, cardiac jelly is a dynamic and essential component of heart development. It provides structural support for the heart tube, facilitates cell migration, and influences signaling pathways that regulate heart morphogenesis. Its composition and properties are essential for the formation of the mature heart and its proper function.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Bone morphogenetic protein 4 | A bone morphogenetic protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P12644] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| dorsomorphin | dorsomorphin : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by pyridin-4-yl and p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl groups, respectively. It is a potent, selective, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase, EC 2.7.11.31) and a selective inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. dorsomorphin: an AMPK inhibitor | aromatic ether; piperidines; pyrazolopyrimidine; pyridines | bone morphogenetic protein receptor antagonist; EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} inhibitor |
| ldn 193189 | LDN 193189: inhibits bone morphogenetic protein signaling | pyrimidines | |
| ml347 | ML347: an ALK2 inhibitor; structure in first source |