positive regulation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:kmv, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:26115433]

Positive regulation of protein localization to the basolateral plasma membrane is a complex process that ensures proper distribution of proteins within polarized cells, such as epithelial cells. These cells exhibit distinct apical and basolateral surfaces, each with specialized functions. This process involves a series of molecular events that direct proteins from their site of synthesis to their final destination at the basolateral membrane.

The process begins with the synthesis of the target protein in the ribosomes. These proteins often possess specific sorting signals, known as basolateral sorting signals, embedded within their amino acid sequence. These signals act as zip codes, directing the proteins towards their designated location.

Once synthesized, the protein is transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the initial compartment of the secretory pathway. Within the ER, the protein undergoes folding and quality control checks. If it passes these checks, it is then transported to the Golgi apparatus, another organelle involved in protein sorting and modification.

At the Golgi, the protein undergoes further modifications and is packaged into transport vesicles. The sorting of proteins to the basolateral membrane is often mediated by adaptor proteins, such as AP-1B, which bind to the basolateral sorting signals on the protein. This interaction promotes the formation of basolateral transport vesicles that bud from the Golgi.

These vesicles travel to the plasma membrane, specifically to the basolateral domain. The fusion of these vesicles with the basolateral membrane releases the protein into the extracellular space, where it can perform its specific functions.

The entire process of protein localization to the basolateral membrane is tightly regulated by a network of signaling pathways and cellular factors. These factors include:

- **Basolateral sorting signals:** These signals are specific amino acid sequences embedded within the protein that act as zip codes, directing the protein to the basolateral membrane.
- **Adaptor proteins:** These proteins mediate the interaction between the protein and the transport vesicle.
- **Small GTPases:** These proteins regulate the formation and movement of transport vesicles.
- **Cytoskeleton:** The cytoskeleton provides structural support and facilitates the movement of transport vesicles.
- **Lipid modifications:** Certain lipids, such as phosphoinositides, play a role in the regulation of protein sorting and membrane trafficking.

The precise mechanisms of basolateral protein localization can vary depending on the specific protein and the cell type. However, the general principles outlined above provide a framework for understanding this crucial process. Dysregulation of basolateral protein localization can have significant consequences for cellular function and can contribute to various diseases.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (3)