cellular response to tetrahydrofolate

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrahydrofolate stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:BHF, GOC:hal, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:24698160]

Cellular response to tetrahydrofolate is a multifaceted process involving a complex interplay of enzymes, transporters, and regulatory mechanisms. Tetrahydrofolate (THF) is a crucial coenzyme essential for numerous metabolic pathways, including nucleotide biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. Upon entry into cells, THF undergoes a series of enzymatic reactions, primarily catalyzed by the enzyme tetrahydrofolate reductase (DHFR), which reduces dihydrofolate to THF. The reduced form of THF serves as a coenzyme for various metabolic reactions. One of the most prominent roles of THF is in the biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. This process involves a series of enzymatic reactions utilizing THF derivatives, including methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), which catalyzes the conversion of methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, a crucial intermediate in purine biosynthesis. THF is also essential for the biosynthesis of amino acids such as serine, glycine, and methionine. These amino acids play critical roles in protein synthesis, cell signaling, and other metabolic processes. The synthesis of methionine from homocysteine requires the transfer of a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, catalyzed by the enzyme tetrahydrofolate reductase (THFR). THF is also involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine. These neurotransmitters are critical for regulating mood, sleep, appetite, and other neurological functions. In addition to its role in metabolic pathways, THF also plays a role in regulating cellular processes such as DNA replication, cell growth, and cell division. Cells maintain a delicate balance of THF levels to ensure proper function. Dysregulation of THF metabolism can lead to various health issues, including folate deficiency, neural tube defects, and various cancers. Cellular response to THF involves intricate mechanisms that ensure the efficient utilization of this vital coenzyme in maintaining cellular homeostasis and supporting critical metabolic processes.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)