monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monounsaturated fatty acid. [GO_REF:0000068, GOC:hjd, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:16443825]

Monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis is a crucial process in the production of essential lipids within cells. It involves the generation of unsaturated fatty acids, specifically those containing a single double bond, from saturated fatty acids. This process is catalyzed by a specific enzyme called stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which introduces the double bond.

The biosynthesis begins with a saturated fatty acyl-CoA molecule, typically palmitoyl-CoA, which is the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid. The SCD enzyme utilizes molecular oxygen and NADH as cofactors to catalyze the desaturation reaction. The reaction occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a network of membranes within the cell.

The SCD enzyme binds to the saturated fatty acyl-CoA molecule and, through a complex series of steps, introduces a double bond between carbons 9 and 10. This generates oleoyl-CoA, the 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid.

The resulting monounsaturated fatty acids are vital components of cellular membranes, playing a crucial role in maintaining fluidity, permeability, and signaling pathways. These fatty acids also serve as precursors for the synthesis of other important lipids, including phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol.

In addition to SCD, other enzymes contribute to monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. For instance, fatty acid elongases can extend the carbon chain length of monounsaturated fatty acids, leading to the generation of longer-chain monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid.

Monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis is tightly regulated within cells, ensuring an adequate supply of these essential lipids. Various factors, including dietary intake, hormonal signals, and cellular needs, influence the activity of SCD and other enzymes involved in the process.

Overall, monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis is a complex but essential process that ensures the availability of these vital lipids for cellular functions. The process involves a specific enzymatic activity, utilization of cofactors, and tight regulation to maintain optimal levels of monounsaturated fatty acids within cells.'
"

Proteins (2)

Compounds (4)