organic acid transmembrane transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which an organic acid is transported across a membrane. [GO_REF:0000069, GOC:TermGenie]

Organic acid transmembrane transport is a crucial process in cellular physiology, involving the movement of organic acids across cell membranes. These acids, such as fatty acids, amino acids, and organic acids, are essential for various cellular functions, including energy production, biosynthesis, and pH regulation.

The transport of organic acids across membranes is facilitated by specific transmembrane proteins known as organic acid transporters (OATs). These proteins are embedded within the cell membrane and possess binding sites for organic acids.

The mechanism of organic acid transport can be active or passive, depending on the specific OAT and the concentration gradient of the organic acid. Active transport requires energy, often derived from ATP hydrolysis, to move organic acids against their concentration gradient. Passive transport, in contrast, relies on the diffusion of organic acids down their concentration gradient, requiring no energy expenditure.

Organic acid transmembrane transport is influenced by various factors, including the pH gradient across the membrane, the presence of other ions and molecules, and the expression levels of OATs. For instance, changes in pH can alter the affinity of OATs for organic acids, affecting the rate of transport.

The biological significance of organic acid transmembrane transport is vast. It plays a critical role in:

- **Energy production:** Organic acids, such as pyruvate and lactate, are crucial intermediates in cellular energy metabolism, and their transport across membranes is essential for efficient ATP production.
- **Biosynthesis:** Organic acids serve as precursors for the synthesis of various biomolecules, including lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides.
- **pH regulation:** The transport of organic acids can help maintain the pH balance within cells and organelles, crucial for optimal cellular function.

Furthermore, dysregulation of organic acid transport can lead to various pathological conditions, including metabolic disorders, drug toxicity, and cancer. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying organic acid transmembrane transport is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting these conditions.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)