calcium ion transport from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The directed movement of calcium ion from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum. [GO_REF:0000078, GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:16402920]
Calcium ion transport from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a vital cellular process that plays a crucial role in various physiological functions. It is mediated by a specialized family of transmembrane proteins known as calcium pumps, specifically the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA).
The process begins with a concentration gradient of calcium ions, with a higher concentration in the cytosol than in the ER lumen. This gradient is established and maintained by the action of SERCA pumps, which actively transport calcium ions against their electrochemical gradient.
SERCA pumps are ATP-dependent enzymes that utilize the energy released from ATP hydrolysis to power calcium ion transport. The pump undergoes a series of conformational changes upon binding calcium ions and ATP. In its initial state, the pump binds calcium ions from the cytosol. ATP binding then triggers a conformational shift, exposing the calcium ions to the ER lumen. Finally, ATP hydrolysis releases the calcium ions into the ER lumen, returning the pump to its initial state ready for another cycle.
The process of calcium ion transport from the cytosol to the ER is tightly regulated by various factors, including the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol, the availability of ATP, and the activity of other cellular proteins.
The regulation of calcium ion transport is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis within the cell, which is crucial for numerous cellular functions. These include muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, signal transduction, and gene expression. Disruptions in calcium transport can lead to various pathological conditions, including muscle weakness, neurological disorders, and heart disease.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 | A sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q93084] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 | A sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P16615] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (5)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone | 2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol substituted by tert-butyl groups at position 2 and 5. | hydroquinones | |
| paxilline | paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels. paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer | diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker |
| curcumin | curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes. | aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger |
| biselyngbyaside | biselyngbyaside: antineoplastic from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp.; structure in first source | ||
| alpha-cyclopiazonic acid | alpha-cyclopiazonic acids |