L-kynurenine transmembrane transport
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The directed movement of L-kynurenine across a membrane. [PMID:35245456]
L-kynurenine transmembrane transport is a complex biological process that involves the movement of the amino acid L-kynurenine across cell membranes. L-kynurenine is an important intermediate in the kynurenine pathway, which is a major route of tryptophan catabolism. The pathway plays a critical role in immune response, inflammation, and neuroprotection.
L-kynurenine transmembrane transport is mediated by a variety of transporters, including the solute carrier family 7 member 5 (SLC7A5) and the solute carrier family 22 member 1 (SLC22A1). These transporters are expressed in various tissues, including the brain, liver, and kidneys, and their expression levels can vary depending on the tissue type and physiological state.
The transport of L-kynurenine across cell membranes is an active process, meaning that it requires energy. This energy is often provided by the sodium gradient across the cell membrane. In general, the transport of L-kynurenine into cells is facilitated by the presence of a sodium gradient, while the transport of L-kynurenine out of cells is often coupled to the transport of other molecules, such as amino acids or organic anions.
L-kynurenine transmembrane transport is tightly regulated and is influenced by a variety of factors, including the concentration of L-kynurenine in the extracellular fluid, the presence of other substrates for the transporters, and the activity of specific enzymes involved in the kynurenine pathway.
The regulation of L-kynurenine transmembrane transport is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring appropriate levels of L-kynurenine in different tissues. Dysregulation of L-kynurenine transport can have significant implications for a variety of physiological processes, including immune function, neurotransmission, and inflammation.
In summary, L-kynurenine transmembrane transport is a complex process that involves the movement of this amino acid across cell membranes via a variety of transporters. This process is tightly regulated and plays a critical role in various biological processes, including immune function, neurotransmission, and inflammation. Dysregulation of L-kynurenine transport can have significant implications for human health.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Cystine/glutamate transporter | A cystine/glutamate transporter that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9UPY5] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (9)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| mesalamine | mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position. Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed) | amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| sulfapyridine | sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases. | pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide; sulfonamide antibiotic | antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sulfasalazine | sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907) | ||
| cysteine | cysteine; cysteine zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flour treatment agent; human metabolite | |
| quisqualic acid | Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis. | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| serine o-sulfate | L-serine O-sulfate : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is the O-sulfo derivative of L-serine. serine O-sulfate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-sulfoamino acid | |
| homocysteic acid | homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid. homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration. | homocysteic acid | NMDA receptor agonist |
| susalimod | susalimod: analogue of sulphasalazine, was designed for use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis | ||
| erastin | erastin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4(3H)-one in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 3 are replaced by 1-{4-[(4-chlorophenoxy)acetyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethyl and 2-ethoxyphenyl groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion-selective channels (VDAC2 and VDAC3) and a potent ferroptosis inducer. erastin: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source | aromatic ether; diether; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylpiperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; quinazolines; tertiary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer; voltage-dependent anion channel inhibitor |