hippocampal neuron apoptotic process
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any apoptotic process that occurs in a hippocampal neuron. [GOC:sl, PMID:18940801]
The hippocampal neuron apoptotic process is a complex and tightly regulated biological process that involves a series of biochemical events leading to the programmed death of hippocampal neurons. These neurons are essential for learning, memory, and spatial navigation, and their loss can contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
The process is initiated by a variety of stimuli, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, and growth factor deprivation. These stimuli activate intracellular signaling pathways that converge on a key protein called caspase-3. Caspase-3 is a cysteine protease that plays a central role in the execution phase of apoptosis.
Once activated, caspase-3 cleaves a variety of cellular proteins, including those involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and cytoskeletal integrity. This cleavage disrupts normal cellular function and leads to the characteristic morphological changes associated with apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and the formation of apoptotic bodies.
The apoptotic process is highly regulated to ensure that only damaged or unwanted cells are eliminated. This regulation is achieved by a complex interplay of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins. Pro-apoptotic proteins promote cell death, while anti-apoptotic proteins inhibit it. The balance between these two groups of proteins determines the fate of the cell.
The apoptotic process is essential for normal development and homeostasis. It removes damaged cells that could otherwise contribute to disease. However, dysregulation of the apoptotic process can lead to a variety of pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.
In the context of hippocampal neurons, apoptosis can be triggered by a variety of factors, including aging, stress, and neurotoxins. Loss of hippocampal neurons due to apoptosis can impair cognitive function, including learning and memory. This is why understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hippocampal neuron apoptosis is crucial for developing therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 | A poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (14)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| pj-34 | PJ34 : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is 5,6-dihydrophenanthridine substituted at positions 2 and 6 by (N,N-dimethylglycyl)amino and oxo groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 110 nM and 86 nM, respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties. | phenanthridines; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antiatherosclerotic agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| 4-Methoxybenzamide | benzamides | ||
| amentoflavone | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite | |
| rucaparib | AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source | azepinoindole; caprolactams; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| veliparib | benzimidazoles | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor | |
| olaparib | cyclopropanes; monofluorobenzenes; N-acylpiperazine; phthalazines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor | |
| niraparib | 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide : A member of the class of indazoles that is 2H-indazole substituted by 4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl and aminocarbonyl groups at positions 2 and 7, respectively. It is a potent PARP1 inhibitor with IC50 of 3.2 nM. | benzenes; indazoles; piperidines; primary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| niraparib | niraparib : A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy. niraparib: structure in first source | 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent |
| iwr-1 endo | IWR-1-endo : A dicarboximide having an endo bridged phthalimide structure, substituted at nitrogen by a 4-(quinolin-8-ylcarbamoyl)benzoyl group. | benzamides; bridged compound; dicarboximide; quinolines | axin stabilizer; Wnt signalling inhibitor |
| nms-p118 | NMS-P118: a PARP-1 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| g007-lk | G007-LK: potent and specific small-molecule tankyrase inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| xav939 | XAV939 : A thiopyranopyrimidine in which a 7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton is substituted at C-4 by a hydroxy group and at C-2 by a para-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. XAV939: selectively inhibits beta-catenin-mediated transcription; structure in first source | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; thiopyranopyrimidine | tankyrase inhibitor |
| bmn 673 | talazoparib: inhibits both PARP1 and PARP2; structure in first source | ||
| nvp-tnks656 |