endosome to plasma membrane protein transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of proteins from the endosome to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles. [GOC:dos]

Endosome-to-plasma membrane protein transport is a crucial process for regulating cell surface composition and signaling. It involves the movement of proteins from internal endosomes, membrane-bound compartments within the cell, to the plasma membrane, the outer boundary of the cell. This process is highly regulated and involves multiple steps, including:

1. **Sorting at the Endosome:** Proteins destined for the plasma membrane are sorted at the endosome. This sorting can be influenced by various factors, including protein signals, cargo adaptors, and the presence of specific lipids in the endosome membrane.

2. **Budding of Transport Vesicles:** Once sorted, proteins are packaged into small, membrane-bound vesicles that bud from the endosome. These vesicles are enriched in specific lipids and proteins that will facilitate their movement towards the plasma membrane.

3. **Transport to the Plasma Membrane:** Transport vesicles travel along the cytoskeleton, propelled by molecular motors, towards the plasma membrane. During this journey, they can fuse with other vesicles or compartments along the way.

4. **Tethering and Fusion:** Upon reaching the plasma membrane, transport vesicles tethered to the membrane by specific proteins. These proteins facilitate the fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane, releasing its cargo of proteins to the cell surface.

5. **Regulation and Recycling:** The entire process is tightly regulated by various signaling pathways and cellular conditions. Some proteins may be recycled back to the endosome, while others remain at the plasma membrane for longer periods.

This complex process ensures the proper distribution of proteins at the cell surface, allowing for the regulation of cell signaling, adhesion, and other vital cellular functions.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (4)