trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide, modulating synaptic transmission
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of nitric oxide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. [GOC:dos]
Trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide (NO) is a complex process that involves the release of NO from one neuron and its diffusion to a neighboring neuron, where it can modulate synaptic transmission. NO is synthesized from L-arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which exists in three isoforms: neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS). nNOS is primarily expressed in neurons, and its activity is regulated by calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels, which are activated by neuronal depolarization. Once produced, NO readily diffuses across the synaptic cleft and interacts with its primary target, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), in the postsynaptic neuron. This interaction activates sGC, which catalyzes the conversion of GTP to cyclic GMP (cGMP). cGMP acts as a second messenger, modulating downstream signaling pathways that regulate synaptic transmission.
The specific effects of NO on synaptic transmission vary depending on the synapse and the type of NOS involved. In general, however, NO can have both excitatory and inhibitory effects on synaptic transmission. For example, NO has been shown to enhance synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and other brain regions by increasing the release of glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter. NO can also inhibit synaptic transmission by activating potassium channels, which hyperpolarize the postsynaptic neuron.
The modulation of synaptic transmission by NO is a crucial aspect of neuronal communication, playing important roles in various physiological processes, including learning, memory, and pain perception. Disruption of NO signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke.
Understanding the mechanisms underlying NO-mediated trans-synaptic signaling is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies for these disorders.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 | A guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q02153] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (5)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemfibrozil | aromatic ether | antilipemic drug | |
| 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione | 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist | aminoquinoline; aromatic amine; p-quinones; quinolone | antineoplastic agent; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor |
| 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole | 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation. | aromatic primary alcohol; furans; indazoles | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; platelet aggregation inhibitor; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent |
| benzydamine | benzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties. Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat. | aromatic ether; indazoles; tertiary amino compound | analgesic; central nervous system stimulant; hallucinogen; local anaesthetic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| bay 41-8543 | BAY 41-8543: structure in first source | pyrazolopyridine |