presynapse assembly

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynapse. [GOC:bf, GOC:dos, GOC:PARL, PMID:24449494]

Presynapse assembly is a complex and dynamic process that involves the coordinated assembly of multiple protein components into specialized structures at the nerve terminal. This process is essential for proper communication between neurons, and disruptions in presynapse assembly can lead to neurological disorders.

The process of presynapse assembly can be divided into several key steps:

1. **Axonal Transport and Targeting:** Components of the presynapse, such as synaptic vesicles, neurotransmitter receptors, and scaffolding proteins, are synthesized in the cell body and transported to the axon terminal. This transport is mediated by motor proteins that move along microtubules.

2. **Pre-synaptic Differentiation:** Once at the axon terminal, these components begin to assemble into specialized structures. This process is often triggered by interactions with the postsynaptic cell. The presynaptic membrane starts to develop characteristic features, including the accumulation of proteins involved in neurotransmitter release and the formation of active zones.

3. **Synaptic Vesicle Clustering:** Synaptic vesicles, which store and release neurotransmitters, begin to cluster at the active zone. This clustering is facilitated by various proteins, including synapsins and Rab proteins, which regulate vesicle movement and docking.

4. **Formation of the Synaptic Cleft:** The space between the pre- and postsynaptic membranes, known as the synaptic cleft, is formed. This space is filled with extracellular matrix molecules that contribute to the stability and function of the synapse.

5. **Postsynaptic Differentiation:** The postsynaptic cell also undergoes differentiation, forming its own specialized structures, including neurotransmitter receptors and scaffolding proteins.

6. **Maturation and Plasticity:** The newly formed synapse continues to mature and refine its function over time. Synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken in response to activity, is a key feature of learning and memory.

These steps are highly interconnected and involve intricate molecular interactions. The assembly process is influenced by various factors, including neuronal activity, developmental cues, and the availability of specific proteins. Disruptions in these processes can lead to defects in synaptic transmission and contribute to neurological disorders.'
"

Proteins (1)

Compounds (3)