Target type: biologicalprocess
The membrane scission process that is the final step in the formation of a vesicle, leading to separation from its parent membrane. Vesicle scission involves the constriction of a neck-forming protein complex, consisting e.g. of dynamin, around the budded membrane, leading to vesicle closure during its separation from the parent membrane. [PMID:21779028]
Vesicle scission is a fundamental process in cellular biology that involves the detachment of a membrane-bound vesicle from a donor membrane. It is essential for various cellular functions, including protein and lipid trafficking, signaling, and organelle biogenesis.
The process typically involves several steps:
1. **Budding:** The formation of a bud-like structure on the donor membrane, often initiated by the recruitment of specific proteins to the budding site.
2. **Coat assembly:** The assembly of a protein coat around the budding vesicle, which provides structural support and helps to shape the vesicle. Various coat proteins exist, including clathrin, COPI, and COPII, each with specific functions and target membrane domains.
3. **Membrane deformation and neck formation:** The coat protein assembly and other factors cause the membrane to deform, constricting the neck of the budding vesicle.
4. **Scission:** The final step involves the severing of the vesicle neck, releasing the newly formed vesicle into the cytoplasm. This process requires the coordinated action of specific proteins known as scission factors.
Key proteins involved in vesicle scission include:
- **Dynamin:** A GTPase that assembles into a ring-like structure around the vesicle neck. Dynamin is crucial for constricting the neck and promoting membrane fission.
- **BAR domain proteins:** These proteins bind and curve membranes, helping to shape the budding vesicle.
- **Other scission factors:** Additional proteins, such as the ESCRT complex, contribute to the final severing of the vesicle neck.
Vesicle scission is a tightly regulated process that is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Errors in this process can lead to various cellular dysfunctions and diseases.
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Dynamin-1 | A dynamin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q05193] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Dynamin-2 | A dynamin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P50570] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| cetrimonium bromide | cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide. | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | detergent; surfactant |
| n,n-dimethyl-1-dodecanamine | N,N-dimethyl-1-dodecanamine: increases body weight & feed efficiency in animals; RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| decylamine | decylamine: structure | alkylamine | |
| myristic acid | Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed) tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3. tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite |
| dodecylamine | dodecylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | primary aliphatic amine | |
| dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide | dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide : A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen. | bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | surfactant |
| stearylamine | octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine. stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | primary aliphatic amine | film-forming compound |
| n-tetradecylamine | N-tetradecylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | alkylamine | |
| 1,12-dodecamethylenediamine | 1,12-dodecamethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd dodecane-1,12-diamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine that is dodecane substituted by amino groups at positions 1 and 12. | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | |
| stearyltrimethylammonium bromide | octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide: structure in first source | ||
| ag-213 | tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells; | ||
| ag 99 | tyrphostin A46: epidermal growth factor-urogastrone receptor antagonist | ||
| dynole 34-2 | dynole 34-2: a dynamin inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| n'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthahydrazide | catechols; hydrazide; hydrazone; naphthols | EC 3.6.5.5 (dynamin GTPase) inhibitor |