Target type: biologicalprocess
The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into a clathrin cage during endocytosis. Clathrin is recruited to the plasma membrane via interaction with scaffolding proteins that bridge between clathtin and cell surface receptors. Clathrin coat formation is concomittant with coated pit formation leading to endocytic vesicle formation. [PMID:21779028]
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a fundamental cellular process that mediates the internalization of a wide variety of molecules, including nutrients, signaling receptors, and pathogens. The process begins with the formation of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) on the plasma membrane. CCPs are invaginations of the membrane that are coated with a specialized protein complex called clathrin. Clathrin is a triskelion-shaped protein that assembles into a cage-like structure around the CCP. This structure serves to deform the membrane and drive the internalization of the cargo. The assembly of the clathrin coat is a complex process that involves the coordinated action of several proteins. These proteins include adaptor proteins (APs), which link the clathrin coat to the cargo molecules; dynamin, a GTPase that pinches off the CCP from the membrane; and other accessory proteins that regulate the process. APs recognize and bind to specific signal sequences on the cargo molecules. The binding of APs to cargo recruits clathrin to the membrane. Clathrin then assembles into a cage-like structure around the CCP, driving membrane invagination. The assembly of the clathrin coat is a dynamic process that is regulated by a variety of factors, including the availability of cargo, the concentration of clathrin and APs, and the activity of accessory proteins. Once the CCP has been fully formed, dynamin assembles at the neck of the CCP and uses the energy from GTP hydrolysis to constrict the neck and pinch off the CCP from the membrane. The resulting vesicle, called a clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV), is then transported to the early endosome, where the clathrin coat is disassembled and the cargo is sorted for further trafficking.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Dynamin-1 | A dynamin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q05193] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| cetrimonium bromide | cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide. | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | detergent; surfactant |
| n,n-dimethyl-1-dodecanamine | N,N-dimethyl-1-dodecanamine: increases body weight & feed efficiency in animals; RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| decylamine | decylamine: structure | alkylamine | |
| myristic acid | Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed) tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3. tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite |
| dodecylamine | dodecylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | primary aliphatic amine | |
| dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide | dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide : A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen. | bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | surfactant |
| stearylamine | octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine. stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | primary aliphatic amine | film-forming compound |
| n-tetradecylamine | N-tetradecylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | alkylamine | |
| 1,12-dodecamethylenediamine | 1,12-dodecamethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd dodecane-1,12-diamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine that is dodecane substituted by amino groups at positions 1 and 12. | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | |
| stearyltrimethylammonium bromide | octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide: structure in first source | ||
| ag-213 | tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells; | ||
| ag 99 | tyrphostin A46: epidermal growth factor-urogastrone receptor antagonist | ||
| dynole 34-2 | dynole 34-2: a dynamin inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| n'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthahydrazide | catechols; hydrazide; hydrazone; naphthols | EC 3.6.5.5 (dynamin GTPase) inhibitor |