cellular lipid biosynthetic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:pr]

Cellular lipid biosynthetic process encompasses the intricate network of biochemical reactions responsible for the creation of diverse lipid molecules within cells. These lipids, essential for cellular function and integrity, include fatty acids, phospholipids, sterols, and glycolipids, each with unique roles. The process begins with the uptake of precursor molecules, like carbohydrates and proteins, which are then broken down into simpler building blocks. Fatty acids, the fundamental components of many lipids, are synthesized through a complex multi-step pathway known as fatty acid synthesis. This pathway involves the sequential addition of two-carbon units, derived from acetyl-CoA, to a growing fatty acid chain. The synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm and is catalyzed by a multi-enzyme complex called fatty acid synthase. Phospholipids, the structural components of cell membranes, are assembled from fatty acids, glycerol, and phosphate groups. The process occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and involves the sequential addition of these components to a diacylglycerol backbone. Sterols, such as cholesterol, are synthesized from acetyl-CoA through a complex pathway involving multiple enzymes and intermediates. This pathway occurs mainly in the liver and involves the sequential addition of carbon units to a squalene molecule. Glycolipids, which are found in cell membranes and play a role in cell recognition and signaling, are formed by the attachment of sugars to lipids. The synthesis occurs in the Golgi apparatus and involves the addition of sugar units to a ceramide backbone. Cellular lipid biosynthetic process is tightly regulated to ensure the appropriate levels of each lipid type are maintained for optimal cellular function. The process is influenced by various factors, including nutritional status, hormone levels, and cellular signaling pathways. Dysregulation of lipid biosynthesis can lead to various diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and cancer.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)