postsynaptic density assembly

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. [GOC:BHF, GOC:sjp, PMID:21525273]

Postsynaptic density (PSD) assembly is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves the coordinated recruitment and organization of hundreds of proteins at the postsynaptic membrane of a neuron. This intricate structure is essential for the proper functioning of synapses, the points of communication between neurons, and plays a critical role in learning and memory.

The assembly of the PSD begins with the formation of a scaffold of proteins, including the transmembrane protein neuroligin, which interacts with presynaptic neurexins to initiate synapse formation. This scaffold serves as a platform for the recruitment of other proteins, including scaffolding proteins like PSD-95, GKAP, and SAPAP.

PSD-95, a member of the MAGUK family, is a key scaffolding protein that binds to the NMDA receptor, a major excitatory ion channel in the PSD. This interaction anchors the NMDA receptor to the PSD and contributes to its clustering at the synapse. PSD-95 also interacts with other signaling molecules, including kinases and phosphatases, which regulate the activity of synaptic proteins.

The PSD is a highly dynamic structure, and its composition can change in response to neuronal activity. This plasticity is critical for learning and memory, as it allows synapses to adjust their strength and function based on experience. One mechanism of this plasticity involves the phosphorylation of PSD proteins, which can alter their interactions with other proteins and affect their function.

In addition to the core scaffolding proteins, the PSD contains a wide range of other proteins, including ion channels, signaling molecules, and enzymes. These proteins are involved in various functions, including synaptic transmission, signal transduction, and plasticity.

The assembly of the PSD is a complex process that involves multiple steps and requires the coordinated action of many proteins. The precise mechanisms of this assembly remain an active area of research, but it is clear that the PSD plays a critical role in synaptic function and plasticity, and its disruption is associated with various neurological disorders.
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)