cellular response to selenite ion

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus. [GOC:mah]

Selenite ions, inorganic forms of selenium, are essential micronutrients that play crucial roles in various biological processes. Their cellular response involves a complex interplay of transport, metabolism, and signaling pathways, ultimately contributing to cellular homeostasis and redox balance. Upon entering the cell, selenite ions undergo a series of transformations. They are first reduced to selenite by the enzyme glutathione reductase, which utilizes reduced glutathione as a reducing agent. Selenite is then further reduced to selenide, the active form of selenium, by various reductases, including thioredoxin reductase. Selenide is incorporated into selenoproteins, a unique class of proteins containing the 21st amino acid selenocysteine. These selenoproteins exhibit a wide range of functions, including antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune response. One key aspect of cellular response to selenite is its role in protecting against oxidative stress. Selenoproteins like glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase are essential for detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS), harmful byproducts of cellular metabolism. By reducing ROS levels, selenite contributes to maintaining cellular redox balance and preventing oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Selenite also plays a vital role in thyroid hormone metabolism. It is required for the synthesis of selenoprotein P, a protein responsible for transporting selenite to the thyroid gland. In the thyroid gland, selenite is incorporated into iodothyronine deiodinases, enzymes responsible for the activation and inactivation of thyroid hormones. Through its influence on thyroid hormone metabolism, selenite impacts growth, development, and metabolism. Furthermore, selenite contributes to immune response by influencing the production and function of immune cells. It is known to stimulate the production of cytokines, signaling molecules that regulate immune responses. Additionally, selenite can modulate the activity of immune cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, enhancing their ability to fight infections and pathogens. In summary, the cellular response to selenite ion is a multifaceted process involving transport, metabolism, and signaling pathways. Selenite is crucial for the synthesis of selenoproteins, which contribute to antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune response. By regulating these essential processes, selenite maintains cellular homeostasis and contributes to overall health.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)