Target type: biologicalprocess
The process that gives rise to a glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]
Glomerular capillary formation, a crucial developmental process in the kidney, involves a complex interplay of signaling pathways, cell-cell interactions, and extracellular matrix remodeling. It begins with the emergence of endothelial precursor cells, which originate from the aorta and migrate to the developing nephrons. These precursors differentiate into specialized endothelial cells that form the capillary loops of the glomerulus.
The process is guided by inductive signals from surrounding mesenchymal cells, including podocytes, which are specialized epithelial cells that form the outer layer of the glomerular capillaries. These signals stimulate the endothelial cells to proliferate, migrate, and assemble into capillary networks. The intricate architecture of the glomerular capillaries is further defined by the deposition of a specialized basement membrane, which is a complex extracellular matrix scaffold that provides structural support and filters blood.
The formation of this basement membrane involves the coordinated production and deposition of various components, including type IV collagen, laminin, and nidogen. Furthermore, the glomerular endothelium develops specialized fenestrations, or pores, which enhance the filtration process. These fenestrations are regulated by a complex interplay of signaling molecules, including VEGF and angiopoietin, which influence the cytoskeletal organization of the endothelial cells.
The development of the glomerular capillaries is finely tuned by a variety of regulatory mechanisms, including transcription factors, growth factors, and signaling pathways. Defects in any of these processes can lead to impaired glomerular development and a range of kidney diseases, such as congenital nephrotic syndrome and glomerulopathies.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Bone morphogenetic protein 4 | A bone morphogenetic protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P12644] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| dorsomorphin | dorsomorphin : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by pyridin-4-yl and p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl groups, respectively. It is a potent, selective, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase, EC 2.7.11.31) and a selective inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. dorsomorphin: an AMPK inhibitor | aromatic ether; piperidines; pyrazolopyrimidine; pyridines | bone morphogenetic protein receptor antagonist; EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} inhibitor |
| ldn 193189 | LDN 193189: inhibits bone morphogenetic protein signaling | pyrimidines | |
| ml347 | ML347: an ALK2 inhibitor; structure in first source |