cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus. [GOC:add, PMID:12077222, PMID:12524386, PMID:2757794]
Cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide is a complex process involving multiple signaling pathways and cellular components. Triacyl bacterial lipopeptides, such as those produced by Bacillus subtilis, are potent immune modulators that activate innate immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils. The activation of these cells is mediated by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which recognizes the lipopeptide and initiates a signaling cascade that leads to the production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. These cytokines play a crucial role in the inflammatory response and contribute to the clearance of bacterial infection.
In addition to cytokine production, TLR2 activation also triggers the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, such as the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. These pathways regulate the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. The activation of these pathways also leads to the upregulation of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, which have direct antimicrobial activity.
Furthermore, cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide can involve the activation of autophagy, a cellular process that degrades and recycles cellular components. Autophagy plays an important role in the clearance of intracellular pathogens, including bacteria.
Overall, the cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide is a multifaceted process that involves the activation of multiple signaling pathways and cellular components. This response is essential for the recognition and clearance of bacterial infections and plays a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Toll-like receptor 2 | A Toll-like receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Toll-like receptor 2 | A Toll-like receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (2)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| palmitic acid | hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| myristic acid | Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed) tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3. tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite |