cellular response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus. [GOC:add, PMID:12077222, PMID:12524386, PMID:2757794]

Cellular response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide is a complex process involving the recognition and signaling of bacterial lipopeptides by the host immune system. Diacyl bacterial lipopeptides, such as Pam3CSK4, are potent immunostimulants that activate innate immune cells, particularly macrophages and dendritic cells.

The process begins with the binding of diacyl lipopeptides to Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a transmembrane receptor expressed on the surface of these immune cells. TLR2 forms heterodimers with TLR1 or TLR6, depending on the specific lipopeptide structure. This binding event initiates a cascade of intracellular signaling events.

Upon binding, TLR2 recruits adaptor proteins, including myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88), which activates downstream signaling pathways, such as the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.

Activation of the NF-κB pathway leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which contribute to the inflammatory response.

Simultaneously, activation of the MAPK pathway promotes the production of chemokines, such as CCL2 and CCL3, which attract other immune cells to the site of infection.

These inflammatory mediators play a crucial role in combating bacterial infection. They promote the recruitment and activation of immune cells, enhance the expression of antimicrobial peptides, and facilitate the clearance of bacteria.

In addition to cytokine and chemokine production, diacyl lipopeptide stimulation also induces the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules, such as CD80 and CD86, on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. These molecules enhance the activation and differentiation of T cells, further amplifying the immune response.

Therefore, cellular response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptides is a critical component of the innate immune system, contributing to the recognition and elimination of bacterial pathogens.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (2)