succinate transmembrane transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which succinate is transported across a membrane. [GOC:mah]

Succinate transmembrane transport is a crucial biological process that enables the movement of succinate, a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle, across cellular membranes. This transport is essential for various metabolic pathways and plays a significant role in energy production, biosynthesis, and the regulation of cellular redox state.

The process involves specialized transmembrane proteins, known as succinate transporters, which facilitate the movement of succinate across the membrane. These transporters can be classified into two main categories:

1. **Secondary active transporters:** These transporters utilize the electrochemical gradient of another molecule, typically protons (H+), to drive the movement of succinate against its concentration gradient. They employ a symport mechanism, meaning succinate and protons move in the same direction across the membrane. This type of transporter is commonly found in bacteria and mitochondria.

2. **Facilitative transporters:** These transporters facilitate the passive movement of succinate down its concentration gradient. They do not require energy input and simply enhance the rate of diffusion across the membrane. This type of transporter is often found in eukaryotic cells.

The specific mechanisms involved in succinate transmembrane transport vary depending on the transporter and the cellular context. However, the fundamental principles remain the same:

- **Binding:** The succinate transporter binds to succinate on one side of the membrane.
- **Conformational change:** The transporter undergoes a conformational change, exposing the binding site to the other side of the membrane.
- **Release:** Succinate is released from the transporter on the opposite side of the membrane.

The direction of succinate transport is determined by the electrochemical gradient across the membrane. For example, in mitochondria, the proton gradient established by the electron transport chain drives the transport of succinate from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space.

Succinate transmembrane transport is tightly regulated by various factors, including the availability of succinate, the electrochemical gradient, and the activity of specific enzymes involved in succinate metabolism. This regulation ensures that succinate transport is coordinated with other metabolic processes and maintains cellular homeostasis.

In summary, succinate transmembrane transport is a complex and vital process that enables the movement of succinate across cellular membranes. It plays a central role in various metabolic pathways and is essential for cellular function and survival.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (3)