cellular response to vitamin B1

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B1 stimulus. [GOC:mah]

Cellular response to vitamin B1 (thiamine) is a complex and multifaceted process involving various steps that ultimately contribute to the proper functioning of numerous cellular processes. Thiamine, as the precursor to thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism by acting as a cofactor for essential enzymes involved in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.

1. **Uptake and Transport:** Thiamine is absorbed from the diet in the small intestine and transported to various tissues via active transport mechanisms.

2. **Phosphorylation:** Once inside the cell, thiamine is converted to its active form, TPP, through two phosphorylation steps catalyzed by thiamine pyrophosphokinase.

3. **Enzymatic Cofactor Function:** TPP acts as a cofactor for several key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism:
a. **Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC):** This enzyme complex is crucial for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, a crucial step linking glycolysis to the TCA cycle.
b. **α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDC):** This complex catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of α-ketoglutarate in the TCA cycle, generating NADH and CO2.
c. **Transketolase:** This enzyme is involved in the pentose phosphate pathway, a metabolic pathway responsible for generating NADPH and the synthesis of ribose-5-phosphate, which is essential for nucleotide synthesis.
d. **Branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC):** This complex is involved in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine.

4. **Metabolic Regulation:** TPP-dependent enzymes play a crucial role in regulating cellular energy production, biosynthesis, and other vital processes.

5. **Cellular Signaling:** Thiamine has been shown to influence cellular signaling pathways, including the insulin signaling pathway, which is involved in glucose uptake and metabolism.

6. **Gene Expression:** Thiamine can modulate gene expression by affecting the activity of transcription factors and other regulatory elements, contributing to the overall cellular response to the vitamin.

Overall, cellular response to vitamin B1 involves a complex interplay of uptake, phosphorylation, enzymatic activity, metabolic regulation, signaling, and gene expression. The proper functioning of these processes ensures cellular energy production, biosynthesis, and overall cellular health.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (19)