L-asparagine biosynthetic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid. [GOC:mah]

L-asparagine biosynthesis is an essential metabolic pathway that produces L-asparagine, a non-essential amino acid required for protein synthesis and other cellular processes. This pathway occurs in all living organisms, including bacteria, plants, and animals.

The synthesis of L-asparagine starts with the precursor molecule L-aspartate, which is derived from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or from the transamination of oxaloacetate. The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme asparagine synthetase (ASNS), which utilizes ATP, glutamine, and L-aspartate to produce L-asparagine, AMP, and glutamate.

Specifically, the reaction proceeds as follows:

1. **Activation of L-aspartate:** L-aspartate is first activated by ATP, forming aspartyl-AMP.
2. **Glutamine-dependent amidotransferase activity:** Glutamine is hydrolyzed by ASNS to generate ammonia (NH3) and glutamate.
3. **Ammonia transfer:** The ammonia molecule is transferred from glutamine to the activated aspartyl-AMP, resulting in the formation of L-asparagine.

The L-asparagine molecule produced can then be used for protein synthesis, where it serves as a building block for the polypeptide chains. Other cellular processes that require L-asparagine include the synthesis of asparagine-linked glycoproteins, the production of certain neurotransmitters, and the regulation of cell growth and proliferation.

In summary, the L-asparagine biosynthetic process is a crucial metabolic pathway that provides the necessary precursor for protein synthesis and other essential cellular functions. The reaction is catalyzed by asparagine synthetase, utilizing L-aspartate, ATP, and glutamine as substrates to produce L-asparagine, AMP, and glutamate.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)