basement membrane assembly

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a basement membrane, a part of the extracellular region that consists of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. [GOC:mah]

Basement membrane assembly is a complex and highly regulated process that involves the coordinated deposition and self-assembly of various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. This intricate process is crucial for tissue development, cell adhesion, migration, and signaling.

The initial step in basement membrane assembly involves the deposition of laminin, a heterotrimeric protein that serves as the foundation for the membrane. Laminin molecules self-assemble into a network-like structure, providing a scaffold for subsequent deposition of other ECM components.

Type IV collagen, another key constituent of the basement membrane, is synthesized and secreted by cells. These collagen molecules associate with each other, forming a mesh-like structure that intertwines with the laminin network. This interaction strengthens the basement membrane and provides structural integrity.

Other ECM proteins, including nidogen and perlecan, are also incorporated into the developing basement membrane. Nidogen acts as a bridge, linking laminin and type IV collagen, further stabilizing the structure. Perlecan, a large proteoglycan, contributes to the biomechanical properties of the basement membrane and plays a role in cell signaling.

As the basement membrane assembles, specialized cells, such as epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells, contribute to its formation. These cells secrete ECM proteins, signaling molecules, and enzymes that regulate the assembly process.

During basement membrane assembly, a series of enzymatic modifications occur. These modifications involve proteolytic processing of ECM proteins and the cross-linking of collagen molecules, which contribute to the stability and integrity of the membrane.

The assembly process is highly dynamic, with constant remodeling and turnover of ECM components. This dynamic nature allows the basement membrane to adapt to changes in the surrounding environment and cellular needs.

The process of basement membrane assembly is influenced by various signaling pathways and growth factors, ensuring proper formation and function of the membrane. Dysregulation of this process can lead to developmental defects, tissue dysfunction, and disease states.'
"

Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)