Page last updated: 2024-10-24

embryonic skeletal joint morphogenesis

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which the anatomical structures of skeletal joints are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. A skeletal joint is the connecting structure between the bones of the skeleton. [GOC:bf, GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, UBERON:0000982]

Embryonic skeletal joint morphogenesis is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves the coordinated interaction of multiple cell types, signaling pathways, and extracellular matrix components. It begins with the condensation of mesenchymal cells into cartilaginous models of future bones. At the sites where joints will form, a specialized region known as the interzone develops. This interzone is characterized by a lack of chondrogenesis and the presence of specific signaling molecules, such as Wnt, Shh, and BMP. These signals promote the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes, which then form the articular cartilage that will cover the ends of the bones. In addition, they induce the formation of the joint capsule, which surrounds and stabilizes the joint. The formation of the joint cavity is another crucial step in joint morphogenesis. This cavity is formed by the breakdown of the interzone, which is mediated by a specialized population of cells called chondroclasts. The chondroclasts degrade the cartilage matrix in the interzone, creating a space between the developing bones. This process is also regulated by signaling molecules, such as TGF-beta and MMPs. Finally, the formation of ligaments and tendons is necessary for proper joint function. These structures are formed by the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into fibroblasts, which then produce the collagen fibers that make up the ligaments and tendons. The formation of ligaments and tendons is also regulated by signaling molecules, such as Wnt and BMP. In summary, embryonic skeletal joint morphogenesis is a complex process involving a multitude of molecular and cellular events. The coordinated regulation of these events ensures the formation of functional joints that enable movement and support.'
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Proteins (3)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Protein odd-skipped-related 1A protein odd-skipped-related 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8TAX0]Homo sapiens (human)
Hyaluronidase-1A hyaluronidase-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q12794]Homo sapiens (human)
Bone morphogenetic protein 4A bone morphogenetic protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P12644]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (8)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
staurosporineindolocarbazole alkaloid;
organic heterooctacyclic compound
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
geroprotector
ferulic acidferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
caffeic acidtrans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
isoferulic acidisoferulic acid : A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring.

isoferulic acid: isomer of ferulic acid; structure
ferulic acidsantioxidant;
biomarker;
metabolite
rosmarinic acid(R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.

rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.

rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project
rosmarinic acidgeroprotector;
plant metabolite
dorsomorphindorsomorphin : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by pyridin-4-yl and p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl groups, respectively. It is a potent, selective, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase, EC 2.7.11.31) and a selective inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling.

dorsomorphin: an AMPK inhibitor
aromatic ether;
piperidines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
pyridines
bone morphogenetic protein receptor antagonist;
EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} inhibitor
ldn 193189LDN 193189: inhibits bone morphogenetic protein signalingpyrimidines
ml347ML347: an ALK2 inhibitor; structure in first source