circadian temperature homeostasis

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]

Circadian temperature homeostasis is a critical biological process that ensures the maintenance of a stable internal body temperature over a 24-hour cycle. It involves a complex interplay of physiological mechanisms that are tightly regulated by the circadian clock, an internal timekeeping system that orchestrates various bodily functions. The circadian clock resides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, a brain region that receives light cues from the environment. These light signals synchronize the clock with the day-night cycle.

The circadian clock generates rhythmic fluctuations in core body temperature, resulting in a predictable daily pattern. Typically, body temperature is lowest during the night and peaks in the late afternoon or early evening. This daily rhythm is influenced by various factors, including hormone release, metabolism, and activity levels.

One of the key mechanisms involved in circadian temperature homeostasis is the regulation of metabolic rate. During the day, as the body prepares for activity, metabolic rate increases, leading to the production of heat and a rise in core body temperature. Conversely, during the night, metabolic rate decreases, conserving energy and lowering body temperature.

Hormonal regulation also plays a crucial role in circadian temperature homeostasis. The hormone melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, is secreted at night and promotes sleep and a decrease in core body temperature. Conversely, the hormone cortisol, produced by the adrenal glands, reaches its peak levels in the morning and stimulates wakefulness and an increase in body temperature.

The nervous system is also involved in regulating body temperature through a network of specialized neurons that detect changes in core body temperature. These neurons signal the hypothalamus, which then orchestrates a series of responses to maintain a stable temperature. These responses include sweating to dissipate heat and shivering to generate heat.

Disruptions to circadian rhythms, such as those caused by shift work, jet lag, or artificial light exposure, can disrupt circadian temperature homeostasis, leading to various health problems, including sleep disorders, metabolic dysfunction, and an increased risk of chronic diseases.

Maintaining a regular sleep-wake cycle, exposure to natural light, and avoiding excessive caffeine and alcohol consumption can help support healthy circadian rhythms and optimize circadian temperature homeostasis.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (4)