Target type: biologicalprocess
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hard palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The hard palate is the anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0721662544]
The hard palate, the bony roof of the mouth, develops through a complex and intricate process involving multiple cellular interactions and signaling pathways. It begins during the embryonic stage, specifically around the 6th week of gestation, as two separate palatal shelves arise from the maxillary processes. These shelves, initially positioned vertically along the sides of the tongue, gradually grow and elevate. As the tongue descends, the palatal shelves rise and migrate towards the midline. During this process, epithelial cells on the medial surfaces of the palatal shelves undergo apoptosis, resulting in the formation of an epithelial seam. This seam serves as a temporary barrier between the shelves. Subsequently, mesenchymal cells from the underlying mesenchyme migrate across the seam and fuse the palatal shelves together, forming a single continuous structure. The fusion process involves the formation of a midline raphe, a distinct line along the roof of the mouth that marks the point of fusion. The hard palate further differentiates as bone replaces the mesenchymal tissue, giving rise to the characteristic bony structure. This process is tightly regulated by various signaling pathways, including fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (Shh). Disruptions in these signaling pathways can lead to various craniofacial defects, including cleft palate. Additionally, the development of the hard palate is influenced by genetic factors, environmental factors, and nutritional factors. It is a complex and dynamic process that ensures the proper formation of the oral cavity, contributing to functions like speech, chewing, and swallowing.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Matrix metalloproteinase-25 | A matrix metalloproteinase-25 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9NPA2] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Integrin beta-6 | An integrin beta-6 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P18564] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| marimastat | marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide. marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary | hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| cilengitide | Cilengitide: an alphaVbeta3 integrin antagonist that paralyzes cancer cells | oligopeptide | |
| cyclic(arg-gly-asp-d-phe-val) |