negative regulation of defense response to virus

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of antiviral mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication. [GOC:ai]

Negative regulation of defense response to virus is a complex biological process that involves a coordinated effort by the host organism to suppress or inhibit the activation of antiviral defense mechanisms. This suppression is essential to maintain homeostasis and prevent excessive or inappropriate activation of the immune system, which can lead to tissue damage and autoimmune disorders. The process is tightly regulated by a network of molecular interactions, including the interplay of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and effector molecules.

Key features of negative regulation of defense response to virus include:

* **Suppression of antiviral signaling pathways:** This can occur at multiple levels, including the inhibition of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense viral components, the blockade of downstream signaling cascades like the interferon (IFN) pathway, and the attenuation of the activation of transcription factors like NF-κB.
* **Induction of antiviral tolerance:** This involves the suppression of antiviral effector mechanisms, such as the production of antiviral cytokines, the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and the activity of cytotoxic immune cells.
* **Promotion of viral persistence:** Some viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade or suppress the host's antiviral defenses, allowing them to establish persistent infections.
* **Regulation of immune homeostasis:** The suppression of antiviral defenses helps to maintain immune balance and prevent uncontrolled inflammation, which can be detrimental to the host.

The process of negative regulation of defense response to virus is crucial for the survival of the host and involves a delicate balance between antiviral immunity and immune suppression. Dysregulation of this process can contribute to viral pathogenesis and disease severity.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (3)