negative regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes. [GOC:jid]

Negative regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes is a complex process that involves multiple levels of control, ensuring a precise balance in antibody production. This process prevents excessive IgE production, which could lead to allergic reactions and hypersensitivity.

**Transcriptional Regulation:**
- **Transcription factors:** Key transcription factors like STAT6, IRF4, and NF-κB play critical roles in regulating IgE switching. STAT6 is activated by IL-4, a cytokine crucial for IgE production. However, negative regulation can occur through the suppression of these factors or the activation of antagonistic transcription factors.
- **Chromatin Remodeling:** The accessibility of the IgE switch region (Sε) on the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus is crucial for recombination. Negative regulation can involve modifications like histone deacetylation or methylation that reduce Sε accessibility, hindering switching.

**Cytokine Regulation:**
- **IL-10 and TGF-β:** These cytokines have potent inhibitory effects on IgE production. IL-10 suppresses the activation of STAT6, while TGF-β directly inhibits IgE class switch recombination.
- **IFN-γ:** This cytokine promotes the differentiation of T helper cells (Th1) and suppresses Th2 responses, thereby indirectly inhibiting IgE production.

**Other Mechanisms:**
- **Apoptosis:** Certain negative regulators can induce apoptosis in IgE-producing B cells, reducing their lifespan and limiting IgE production.
- **Competition:** Switching to other antibody isotypes, like IgG, can occur at the expense of IgE switching, effectively limiting IgE production.

**Overall, negative regulation of IgE switching is a tightly controlled process that involves the interplay of multiple factors. Dysregulation of this process can contribute to the development of allergic diseases.'
"

Proteins (1)

Compounds (3)