positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]
Positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation is a complex process that involves a tightly regulated interplay of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and post-translational modifications. It is essential for maintaining skin integrity and barrier function. The process begins with the commitment of epidermal stem cells to differentiate into various cell types, including keratinocytes, melanocytes, and Langerhans cells. This commitment is driven by signaling pathways like Wnt, Notch, and TGF-beta. Once committed, keratinocytes undergo a series of stages, including proliferation, migration, and terminal differentiation. During proliferation, keratinocytes divide rapidly to replenish the epidermal layer. This phase is regulated by growth factors like epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). As keratinocytes migrate towards the surface, they begin to express specific differentiation markers, such as involucrin and filaggrin. These proteins play crucial roles in forming the cornified cell envelope, a tough, protective layer that prevents water loss and protects against environmental insults. Terminal differentiation involves the synthesis and accumulation of keratin, a fibrous protein that provides structural integrity to the epidermis. This process is regulated by transcription factors like AP-1, C/EBP, and p63. The final stage of differentiation results in the formation of dead, flattened cells called corneocytes, which are filled with keratin and embedded in a lipid matrix. These corneocytes form the outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, providing a barrier against external threats. The entire process of positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation is precisely orchestrated by a multitude of factors, ensuring the constant renewal and maintenance of the skin's protective barrier.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Bone morphogenetic protein 4 | A bone morphogenetic protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P12644] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (3)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| dorsomorphin | dorsomorphin : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by pyridin-4-yl and p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl groups, respectively. It is a potent, selective, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase, EC 2.7.11.31) and a selective inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. dorsomorphin: an AMPK inhibitor | aromatic ether; piperidines; pyrazolopyrimidine; pyridines | bone morphogenetic protein receptor antagonist; EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} inhibitor |
| ldn 193189 | LDN 193189: inhibits bone morphogenetic protein signaling | pyrimidines | |
| ml347 | ML347: an ALK2 inhibitor; structure in first source |