cortical microtubule organization

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell. [GOC:curators, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]

Cortical microtubules are dynamic filaments that play a crucial role in cell shape, growth, and division in plants. Their organization is a complex process involving a multitude of factors, including:

- **Microtubule polymerization and depolymerization:** Microtubules are constantly being assembled and disassembled through the addition and removal of tubulin subunits. This dynamic instability is regulated by various factors, including microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and signaling pathways.

- **Microtubule bundling and cross-linking:** Cortical microtubules often form bundles and networks, which are stabilized by cross-linking proteins. These bundles can act as tracks for organelle movement and provide structural support.

- **Microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs):** In plants, the cell cortex itself acts as an MTOC, with microtubules nucleating from the plasma membrane. This nucleation is mediated by γ-tubulin complexes.

- **Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs):** A wide variety of MAPs interact with microtubules, influencing their stability, organization, and interactions with other cellular components. Some MAPs promote bundling, while others promote depolymerization.

- **Signaling pathways:** Hormonal and environmental cues, such as auxin, light, and stress, influence microtubule organization through signaling pathways. These pathways often involve phosphorylation of MAPs or other regulatory proteins.

- **Cytoskeleton interactions:** Cortical microtubules interact with other components of the cytoskeleton, including actin filaments and intermediate filaments. These interactions play a role in coordinating cell shape and growth.

- **Mechanical forces:** The cell wall and turgor pressure can influence microtubule orientation and organization. This feedback loop helps maintain cell shape and integrity.

The precise mechanisms underlying cortical microtubule organization vary depending on the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. However, the interplay of these factors ensures that cortical microtubules are properly organized to fulfill their essential functions in plant growth and development.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (10)