response to external biotic stimulus

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things. [GOC:go_curators]

Response to external biotic stimulus is a complex biological process that involves the detection and response to the presence of other living organisms. This process is crucial for the survival of all organisms, as it enables them to defend themselves against pathogens, parasites, and predators, and to compete for resources. This process is highly regulated and involves a diverse range of cellular and molecular mechanisms, including:

1. **Perception:** The first step in response to external biotic stimulus is the perception of the stimulus. This can be achieved through a variety of mechanisms, including the detection of chemical signals, physical contact, or changes in the environment.

2. **Signal Transduction:** Once the stimulus is perceived, the information must be transduced into a form that can be understood by the cell. This is typically achieved through a series of signaling pathways that involve the activation of specific proteins and the production of secondary messengers.

3. **Gene Expression:** In many cases, the response to external biotic stimulus involves changes in gene expression. This may involve the upregulation or downregulation of specific genes that encode proteins involved in the response.

4. **Cellular Responses:** The cellular responses to external biotic stimulus are diverse and vary depending on the nature of the stimulus and the type of organism. Common responses include:
* **Immune responses:** In multicellular organisms, immune responses are essential for defending against pathogens. These responses involve the activation of immune cells, the production of antibodies, and the release of cytokines.
* **Behavioral responses:** Many organisms exhibit behavioral responses to external biotic stimuli, such as fleeing, hiding, or attacking.
* **Physiological responses:** Physiological responses to external biotic stimuli can include changes in heart rate, blood pressure, or hormone levels.

5. **Adaptation:** Over time, organisms can adapt to external biotic stimuli through evolution. This can involve changes in the genes that control the perception, transduction, and response to the stimulus.

This complex interplay of processes allows organisms to effectively respond to the presence of other living organisms and ensures their survival in a dynamic and often challenging environment.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (3)