Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of menaquinones, any of the quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2. [GOC:jl, http://www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk/biochem/thcme/vitamins.html#k]
Menaquinone catabolism is a biological process involved in the breakdown of menaquinone (also known as vitamin K2), a fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting and bone health. The process involves a series of enzymatic steps that break down the menaquinone molecule into smaller, simpler compounds.
The first step in menaquinone catabolism is the conversion of menaquinone to menaquinone-2 by the enzyme menaquinone reductase. This enzyme is found in the liver and other tissues. Menaquinone-2 is then further catabolized by a series of enzymes, including menaquinone-2 oxidase and menaquinone-2 hydrolase. These enzymes convert menaquinone-2 into a variety of metabolites, including menaquinone-3, menaquinone-4, and menaquinone-5. These metabolites are then excreted in the urine.
The exact pathway of menaquinone catabolism is not fully understood. However, it is known that the process is important for maintaining normal levels of menaquinone in the body. A deficiency of menaquinone can lead to a number of health problems, including bleeding disorders and bone disease.
In addition to the enzymes involved in menaquinone catabolism, the process also requires a number of cofactors, including oxygen, NADPH, and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). These cofactors are necessary for the proper functioning of the enzymes involved in the process.
Menaquinone catabolism is a complex biological process that is essential for maintaining normal levels of vitamin K2 in the body. The process is tightly regulated by a variety of factors, including diet, age, and health status. In addition to its role in vitamin K2 metabolism, menaquinone catabolism may also be involved in other biological processes, such as inflammation and oxidative stress.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Cytochrome P450 4F2 | A cytochrome P450 4F2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P78329] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17-octadecynoic acid | octadec-17-ynoic acid : An acetylenic fatty acid that is octadecanoi acid (stearic acid) which has been doubly dehydrogenated at positions 17 and 18 to give the corresponding alkynoic acid. | acetylenic fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; monounsaturated fatty acid; terminal acetylenic compound | EC 1.14.14.94 (leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.15.3 (alkane 1-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor |
| ketoconazole | 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively. | dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine | |
| tranylcypromine | (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine. tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine). Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311) | 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine | |
| proadifen hydrochloride | |||
| pirlindole | pirlindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym pyrazidol refers to mono-HCl; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2812 | carbazoles | |
| kaf156 | ganaplacide: antimalarial |