Target type: biologicalprocess
Remodeling the acyl chains of an acylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate an acylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains. [GOC:mw, PMID:15364929]
Acylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling is a crucial biological process involved in the modification of the fatty acid composition of acylglycerols, which are the building blocks of lipids like triglycerides and phospholipids. This process is essential for maintaining cellular membrane fluidity, regulating lipid storage, and signaling pathways.
The process begins with the hydrolysis of existing fatty acid chains from the glycerol backbone of acylglycerols by specific lipases. These lipases exhibit selectivity for certain fatty acid positions within the acylglycerol molecule. For example, some lipases primarily target the sn-1 or sn-3 position, while others are specific for the sn-2 position.
Once the fatty acid is released, it can be replaced with a different fatty acid via an acyltransferase enzyme. This enzyme transfers a fatty acid from a donor molecule, such as fatty acyl-CoA, to the free hydroxyl group on the glycerol backbone. The selection of the new fatty acid is influenced by factors like substrate availability, enzyme specificity, and cellular needs.
Acylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling can also involve the desaturation or elongation of existing fatty acid chains. Desaturation introduces double bonds into the fatty acid chain, altering its fluidity and influencing membrane properties. Elongation, on the other hand, increases the length of the fatty acid chain, impacting the physical properties of the lipid molecule.
This intricate process is regulated by various factors, including hormones, nutrient availability, and cellular stress. For instance, insulin promotes the synthesis of triglycerides, while glucagon activates lipolysis, leading to the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids.
In summary, acylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling is a dynamic and tightly regulated process that allows cells to fine-tune the composition of their lipid molecules. This process plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, regulating membrane properties, and contributing to various physiological functions.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 | A patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96AD5] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 | A patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96AD5] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| atglistatin | atglistatin : A biphenyl that is 1,1'-biphenyl substituted by (dimethylcarbamoyl)amino and dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 4', respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase activity (IC50 = 700nM). atglistatin: inhibits adipose triglyceride lipase; structure in first source |