Page last updated: 2024-10-24

dendritic cell homeostasis

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of dendritic cells such that the total number of dendritic cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. [CL:0000451, GOC:uh, PMID:12570827, PMID:19176316]

Dendritic cell (DC) homeostasis is a tightly regulated process that ensures a stable population of DCs in tissues, ready to initiate adaptive immune responses. This complex process involves a delicate balance between DC differentiation, migration, survival, and death.

**1. Differentiation:**
- DC precursors in the bone marrow differentiate into distinct DC subsets:
- Conventional DCs (cDCs): further subdivided into cDC1 and cDC2, specialized in presenting antigens to distinct T cell subsets.
- Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs): primarily involved in type I interferon production in response to viral infections.
- Differentiation is influenced by various factors, including growth factors (e.g., Flt3 ligand), cytokines (e.g., GM-CSF, IL-4), and transcription factors (e.g., PU.1, IRF8).

**2. Migration:**
- Mature DCs, after encountering antigens, migrate from peripheral tissues to secondary lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen).
- This migration is driven by chemokine gradients (e.g., CCL19, CCL21) and involves the expression of adhesion molecules (e.g., CCR7).

**3. Survival:**
- DCs require specific survival signals to maintain their viability.
- These signals include:
- Growth factors (e.g., Flt3 ligand, GM-CSF)
- Cytokines (e.g., IL-7, IL-15)
- Interactions with stromal cells in lymphoid tissues

**4. Death:**
- DCs undergo apoptosis or are eliminated by other immune cells (e.g., NK cells) when their function is no longer required.
- This process helps to maintain a balanced DC population and prevent excessive immune activation.

**5. Regulation of DC Homeostasis:**
- Several mechanisms regulate DC homeostasis, including:
- Crosstalk between DCs and other immune cells
- Feedback loops involving cytokines and chemokines
- The presence of tolerogenic DCs, which suppress immune responses and promote tolerance.

**6. Importance of DC Homeostasis:**
- Maintaining DC homeostasis is crucial for:
- Effective initiation of adaptive immune responses
- Prevention of autoimmune diseases
- Regulation of tissue inflammation and repair
- Establishment of immune tolerance to self-antigens'
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Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Proteinase-activated receptor 1A proteinase-activated receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P25116]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (15)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first sourcechromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
ultram2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.aromatic ether;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
omega-n-methylarginineN(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.

omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.
amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
vu0099704VU0099704: an antagonist of protease activated receptor 4 (PAR-4); structure in first source
2-bromo-N-[3-(1-oxopropylamino)phenyl]benzamidebenzamides
2-bromo-N-[3-(1-oxobutylamino)phenyl]benzamidebenzamides
sch 79797quinazolines
morphineMeconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound
anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
tapentadolTapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.alkylbenzene
o-demethyltramadolalkylbenzene;
ring assembly
rwj-56110RWJ-56110: a PAR-1 antagonist; structure in first source
vorapaxarvorapaxar : A carbamate ester that is the ethyl ester of [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-{(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethynyl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamic acid. A protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist used (as its sulfate salt) for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or with peripheral arterial disease. It has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke and urgent coronary revascularisation.

vorapaxar: has antiplatelet activity; structure in first source
carbamate ester;
lactone;
naphthofuran;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist
e 5555E 5555: a 2-iminopyridine derivative and platelet aggregation inhibitoraromatic ketone
zstk474ZSTK-474 : A triamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by morpholin-4-yl groups while the third hydrogen has been replaced by a 2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol-1-yl group. It is an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.benzimidazoles;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
triamino-1,3,5-triazine
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
AZ3451benzimidazoles;
benzodioxoles;
nitrile;
organobromine compound;
secondary carboxamide
anti-inflammatory agent;
autophagy inducer;
PAR2 negative allosteric modulator