Target type: biologicalprocess
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of dendritic cells such that the total number of dendritic cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. [CL:0000451, GOC:uh, PMID:12570827, PMID:19176316]
Dendritic cell (DC) homeostasis is a tightly regulated process that ensures a stable population of DCs in tissues, ready to initiate adaptive immune responses. This complex process involves a delicate balance between DC differentiation, migration, survival, and death.
**1. Differentiation:**
- DC precursors in the bone marrow differentiate into distinct DC subsets:
- Conventional DCs (cDCs): further subdivided into cDC1 and cDC2, specialized in presenting antigens to distinct T cell subsets.
- Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs): primarily involved in type I interferon production in response to viral infections.
- Differentiation is influenced by various factors, including growth factors (e.g., Flt3 ligand), cytokines (e.g., GM-CSF, IL-4), and transcription factors (e.g., PU.1, IRF8).
**2. Migration:**
- Mature DCs, after encountering antigens, migrate from peripheral tissues to secondary lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen).
- This migration is driven by chemokine gradients (e.g., CCL19, CCL21) and involves the expression of adhesion molecules (e.g., CCR7).
**3. Survival:**
- DCs require specific survival signals to maintain their viability.
- These signals include:
- Growth factors (e.g., Flt3 ligand, GM-CSF)
- Cytokines (e.g., IL-7, IL-15)
- Interactions with stromal cells in lymphoid tissues
**4. Death:**
- DCs undergo apoptosis or are eliminated by other immune cells (e.g., NK cells) when their function is no longer required.
- This process helps to maintain a balanced DC population and prevent excessive immune activation.
**5. Regulation of DC Homeostasis:**
- Several mechanisms regulate DC homeostasis, including:
- Crosstalk between DCs and other immune cells
- Feedback loops involving cytokines and chemokines
- The presence of tolerogenic DCs, which suppress immune responses and promote tolerance.
**6. Importance of DC Homeostasis:**
- Maintaining DC homeostasis is crucial for:
- Effective initiation of adaptive immune responses
- Prevention of autoimmune diseases
- Regulation of tissue inflammation and repair
- Establishment of immune tolerance to self-antigens'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Proteinase-activated receptor 1 | A proteinase-activated receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P25116] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one | 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source | chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound | autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
ultram | 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively. | aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | |
omega-n-methylarginine | N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent. omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase. | amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
vu0099704 | VU0099704: an antagonist of protease activated receptor 4 (PAR-4); structure in first source | ||
2-bromo-N-[3-(1-oxopropylamino)phenyl]benzamide | benzamides | ||
2-bromo-N-[3-(1-oxobutylamino)phenyl]benzamide | benzamides | ||
sch 79797 | quinazolines | ||
morphine | Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
tapentadol | Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES. | alkylbenzene | |
o-demethyltramadol | alkylbenzene; ring assembly | ||
rwj-56110 | RWJ-56110: a PAR-1 antagonist; structure in first source | ||
vorapaxar | vorapaxar : A carbamate ester that is the ethyl ester of [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-{(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethynyl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamic acid. A protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist used (as its sulfate salt) for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or with peripheral arterial disease. It has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke and urgent coronary revascularisation. vorapaxar: has antiplatelet activity; structure in first source | carbamate ester; lactone; naphthofuran; organofluorine compound; pyridines | cardiovascular drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist |
e 5555 | E 5555: a 2-iminopyridine derivative and platelet aggregation inhibitor | aromatic ketone | |
zstk474 | ZSTK-474 : A triamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by morpholin-4-yl groups while the third hydrogen has been replaced by a 2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol-1-yl group. It is an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. | benzimidazoles; morpholines; organofluorine compound; triamino-1,3,5-triazine | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor |
AZ3451 | benzimidazoles; benzodioxoles; nitrile; organobromine compound; secondary carboxamide | anti-inflammatory agent; autophagy inducer; PAR2 negative allosteric modulator |