alpha-linolenic acid metabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-linolenic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2. [PMID:15538555]

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid, is an essential nutrient that the human body cannot synthesize. It undergoes a series of metabolic steps to produce other important omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

The metabolic process begins with the desaturation of ALA to stearidonic acid (SDA) by the enzyme delta-6 desaturase. This step involves the introduction of a double bond at the sixth carbon from the carboxyl end of the fatty acid chain. SDA is then further desaturated by delta-5 desaturase to form EPA. This enzyme adds a double bond at the fifth carbon from the carboxyl end.

EPA can be elongated to docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) by the enzyme elongase. DPA is then desaturated by delta-4 desaturase to produce DHA. This enzyme introduces a double bond at the fourth carbon from the carboxyl end.

These metabolic steps are crucial for maintaining normal physiological functions. EPA and DHA are incorporated into cell membranes, where they contribute to cell signaling, membrane fluidity, and inflammatory responses. They are also precursors to various bioactive compounds, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, which play a role in regulating blood pressure, blood clotting, inflammation, and immune responses.

Dietary sources of ALA include flaxseed oil, chia seeds, walnuts, and soybeans. While the human body can convert ALA to EPA and DHA, the conversion efficiency is relatively low. Therefore, it is recommended to consume sources of EPA and DHA directly, such as fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and tuna.'
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Proteins (4)

Compounds (3)