response to vitamin B3
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus. [GOC:sl]
Vitamin B3, also known as niacin, is a crucial nutrient involved in a wide range of biological processes. Its primary role is as a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), essential coenzymes involved in hundreds of metabolic reactions. The response to vitamin B3 encompasses a series of cellular events that ensure proper utilization and maintenance of its metabolic functions.
Upon ingestion, vitamin B3 is absorbed in the small intestine and enters the bloodstream. It is then transported to various tissues, including the liver, where it undergoes conversion into NAD+ and NADP+. These coenzymes play pivotal roles in numerous metabolic pathways, including:
1. **Energy production:** NAD+ acts as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain, a crucial step in cellular respiration. This process generates ATP, the primary energy currency of cells.
2. **DNA repair and replication:** NAD+ is required for the activity of DNA ligase, an enzyme that joins DNA fragments during replication and repair.
3. **Cell signaling:** NAD+ and NADP+ are involved in various signaling pathways that regulate cellular processes, such as gene expression and cell growth.
4. **Redox reactions:** NAD+ and NADP+ participate in redox reactions, acting as electron donors or acceptors, essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
5. **Fatty acid metabolism:** NAD+ and NADP+ are involved in the breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids.
6. **Neurotransmitter synthesis:** NAD+ is a precursor to nicotinamide, a component of the neurotransmitter, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH).
The body's response to vitamin B3 involves a complex interplay of these metabolic pathways. Deficiencies in vitamin B3 can lead to various health problems, including pellagra, a disease characterized by skin lesions, diarrhea, and dementia. Conversely, excessive intake of vitamin B3 can also lead to adverse effects. Therefore, maintaining adequate intake of vitamin B3 through a balanced diet is crucial for overall health and well-being.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Fatty acid-binding protein, liver | A fatty acid-binding protein, liver that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P07148] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (7)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| tacrine | tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders. | acridines; aromatic amine | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| fenofibrate | Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE | aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| 2-benzylaminopyridine | |||
| phytanic acid | phytanic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of hexadecanoic acid carrying methyl substituents at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15. Phytanic Acid: A 20-carbon branched chain fatty acid. In phytanic acid storage disease (REFSUM DISEASE) this lipid may comprise as much as 30% of the total fatty acids of the plasma. This is due to a phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. | branched-chain saturated fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; methyl-branched fatty acid | |
| fenofibric acid | fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate. fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure | aromatic ketone; chlorobenzophenone; monocarboxylic acid | drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite |
| oleic acid | oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed) | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| HTS 01037 | ring assembly; thiophenes |