negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation. [GOC:add]

Negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation is a complex process that involves a variety of molecular mechanisms and cellular interactions. It is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing uncontrolled immune responses that can lead to autoimmune diseases. This process is tightly controlled by a network of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and cell surface receptors. Key molecular players involved in negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation include:

- **Cytokines:** Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) are potent inhibitors of T cell proliferation. TGF-β suppresses T cell activation and differentiation by inducing the expression of inhibitory molecules such as CTLA-4 and PD-1. IL-10 and IL-4 promote the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which suppress immune responses by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting the proliferation of other immune cells.

- **Immune Checkpoint Molecules:** CTLA-4 and PD-1 are cell surface receptors that negatively regulate T cell activation. CTLA-4 blocks the interaction of CD28 with its ligands on antigen-presenting cells, preventing T cell costimulation. PD-1 interacts with its ligand PD-L1, which is expressed on various cells, including tumor cells. This interaction inhibits T cell activation and proliferation.

- **Transcription Factors:** Forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) is a master regulator of Treg development and function. It plays a crucial role in suppressing immune responses by promoting the expression of inhibitory cytokines and other immunosuppressive molecules.

- **Apoptosis:** Mononuclear cell apoptosis is a mechanism of immune regulation that eliminates activated immune cells and prevents uncontrolled immune responses. Apoptosis is triggered by various factors, including death receptor signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage.

- **Cellular Interactions:** The interactions between mononuclear cells, such as T cells and antigen-presenting cells, play a crucial role in regulating immune responses. These interactions can lead to the activation or suppression of immune cells depending on the context and the nature of the interaction.

In summary, negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation is a complex process involving various molecular mechanisms and cellular interactions. This process is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases. Disruption of this process can lead to uncontrolled immune responses and various pathological conditions. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation is essential for developing new therapies for autoimmune diseases and other immune-related disorders.'
"

Proteins (1)

Compounds (3)