actin filament-based process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. [GOC:mah]

Actin filament-based processes are fundamental to many cellular functions, including cell motility, cytokinesis, intracellular transport, and signal transduction. Actin filaments, also known as microfilaments, are polymers of the globular protein actin. They are highly dynamic structures that can rapidly assemble and disassemble, allowing cells to adapt to their environment and perform a wide range of tasks.

Actin polymerization is a complex process that involves the sequential addition of actin monomers to the barbed end of the filament. This process is regulated by a variety of proteins, including actin-binding proteins, which can promote or inhibit polymerization. Once assembled, actin filaments can interact with a diverse array of proteins, including myosin motors, which generate force and movement.

In cell motility, actin filaments form the core of lamellipodia and filopodia, which are finger-like projections that extend from the cell membrane. Actin polymerization at the leading edge of these projections pushes the membrane forward, allowing the cell to move. In cytokinesis, actin filaments form a contractile ring that pinches the cell in two, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.

Actin filament-based processes are also essential for intracellular transport. Actin filaments can form tracks along which molecular motors, such as myosin, can move organelles and vesicles. These processes are crucial for delivering essential cargo throughout the cell.

Furthermore, actin filaments play a role in signal transduction pathways. For example, the activation of certain receptors can trigger the assembly of actin filaments, which in turn can regulate the activity of other proteins. This signaling cascade can ultimately lead to changes in gene expression or cell behavior.

The dynamic nature of actin filaments, their ability to interact with a wide range of proteins, and their involvement in multiple cellular processes highlight their importance in maintaining cell function and regulating diverse cellular processes.'
"

Proteins (1)

Compounds (5)