central nervous system neuron axonogenesis

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]

Axonogenesis, the process of generating the axon, is a fundamental event in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). It begins with the formation of a specialized structure called the growth cone, which acts as the tip of the elongating axon. The growth cone is highly dynamic, with a complex array of cytoskeletal elements, receptors, and signaling molecules. These components allow the growth cone to sense its environment, respond to attractive and repulsive cues, and navigate through the developing CNS to reach its target. The process of axonogenesis involves several key steps, including: 1. **Axon initiation:** This involves the polarization of the neuronal cell, where the future axon is specified. This often involves the accumulation of specific proteins and the reorganization of the cytoskeleton at the site of future axon formation. 2. **Growth cone formation and extension:** Once the axon is specified, a growth cone forms at its tip. The growth cone is a dynamic structure that extends filopodia and lamellipodia, which are finger-like projections that allow it to sense the surrounding environment. 3. **Axon guidance:** The growth cone navigates through the CNS by responding to a variety of cues. These cues can be attractive or repulsive, and they can include soluble factors, cell surface molecules, and extracellular matrix components. 4. **Axon elongation and stabilization:** As the axon grows, it elongates by adding new cytoskeletal components at the growth cone. The axon also becomes stabilized by the formation of myelin sheaths, which are insulating layers that wrap around the axon and increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction. The process of axonogenesis is tightly regulated by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Mutations in genes involved in axonogenesis can lead to severe neurological disorders, highlighting the importance of this process for proper CNS function.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)