modification-dependent protein catabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent modification of the target protein. [GOC:go_curators]

Modification-dependent protein catabolic process is a complex cellular pathway that involves the selective breakdown of proteins based on their post-translational modifications. These modifications can include phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, and methylation. These modifications can alter the protein's structure, function, and interaction with other molecules, making them targets for specific degradation pathways.

The process often begins with the recognition of the modified protein by specific enzymes or protein complexes. These recognition events trigger the recruitment of other proteins involved in the protein degradation machinery, such as ubiquitin ligases. Ubiquitination is a key step in the process, as it tags the protein for degradation by proteasomes.

Proteasomes are large protein complexes that break down the tagged protein into smaller peptides. These peptides can be further degraded into amino acids, which can be reused for protein synthesis.

Modification-dependent protein catabolic processes are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, responding to environmental changes, and controlling various cellular processes. They play crucial roles in processes like cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, and immune responses.

The specific modifications and pathways involved in protein degradation vary depending on the type of protein and the cellular context. For example, misfolded proteins are often targeted for degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, proteins with specific modifications, like phosphorylated proteins, may be degraded by different pathways, like autophagy.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (3)