N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethyl-L-proline. [RESID:AA0066]

N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that involves the addition of two methyl groups to the nitrogen atom of a proline residue located at the N-terminus of a protein. This modification is catalyzed by a family of enzymes known as peptidyl-proline N-methyltransferases (PPMTs).

The process of N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation typically occurs in two steps:

1. **Monomethylation:** The first step involves the transfer of a single methyl group from S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) to the nitrogen atom of the proline residue. This reaction is catalyzed by a PPMT enzyme.

2. **Dimethylation:** The second step involves the transfer of a second methyl group from SAM to the same nitrogen atom. This reaction is also catalyzed by a PPMT enzyme.

The precise function of N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation is not fully understood, but it is believed to play a role in a variety of cellular processes, including:

* **Protein stability:** N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation can enhance protein stability by protecting the N-terminus from proteolysis.
* **Protein-protein interactions:** This modification can alter the conformation of a protein, thereby affecting its ability to interact with other proteins.
* **Signal transduction:** N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation has been implicated in signal transduction pathways, particularly in the regulation of gene expression.

The biological significance of this modification is further highlighted by its involvement in various diseases. Dysregulation of N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation has been linked to cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious diseases.

The study of N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation has provided insights into the complexity of PTMs and their diverse roles in regulating cellular function. Future research is expected to further elucidate the mechanisms and biological consequences of this important modification.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)