polyol transmembrane transport
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The directed movement of polyols, any polyhydric alcohol, across a membrane. [GOC:ai]
Polyol transmembrane transport is a crucial process for the movement of sugar alcohols, such as sorbitol and glycerol, across cell membranes. These molecules are essential for various cellular functions, including energy production, osmotic regulation, and signal transduction. The transport mechanism involves specialized transmembrane proteins known as polyol transporters, which facilitate the passage of polyols across the membrane. These transporters are highly selective for specific polyols and can be either passive or active, depending on the energy requirements of the transport process. Passive transport relies on the concentration gradient of the polyol across the membrane, while active transport requires energy to move the polyol against its gradient. In many cases, polyol transport is coupled to the movement of other molecules, such as protons or sodium ions, creating a symport or antiport system. This coupling allows for efficient and regulated transport of polyols into or out of cells. The polyol transport process is tightly regulated by various factors, including cellular energy status, hormonal signals, and environmental conditions. Dysregulation of polyol transport can lead to pathological conditions, such as diabetic complications and neurological disorders. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of polyol transmembrane transport is critical for developing therapeutic strategies targeting these diseases.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 2 | A sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8WWX8] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (2)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| inositol | 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol. Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration. | cyclitol; hexol | |
| dapagliflozin | aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes | hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor |