amino acid biosynthetic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. [ISBN:0198506732]

Amino acid biosynthesis is a fundamental process in living organisms that involves the synthesis of amino acids from simpler precursors. These amino acids serve as building blocks for proteins, which are essential for virtually all cellular functions. The process begins with the assimilation of nitrogen from the environment, typically in the form of ammonia or nitrate. Nitrogen is then incorporated into organic molecules, ultimately forming amino acids. There are two main pathways for amino acid biosynthesis: 1) de novo synthesis, where amino acids are synthesized from scratch, and 2) salvage pathways, where existing amino acids are recycled or modified. De novo synthesis often involves a series of enzymatic reactions that are highly regulated and specific to each amino acid. These reactions require energy in the form of ATP and reducing power in the form of NADPH or NADH. Salvage pathways typically involve the conversion of one amino acid to another or the modification of existing amino acids. Some amino acids, known as essential amino acids, cannot be synthesized by certain organisms and must be obtained from the diet. The synthesis of amino acids is tightly regulated to ensure that the organism has the necessary building blocks for protein synthesis while avoiding wasteful production. Regulation occurs at the levels of gene expression, enzyme activity, and metabolite availability. Disruptions in amino acid biosynthesis can lead to various metabolic disorders and diseases. In summary, amino acid biosynthesis is a complex and essential process that underpins the production of proteins and the survival of all living organisms.'
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Proteins (3)

Compounds (4)