mitochondrial calcium ion transmembrane transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which a calcium ion (Ca2+) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [GOC:ai]

Mitochondrial calcium ion transmembrane transport is a crucial process that regulates cellular signaling, metabolism, and apoptosis. It involves the movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) across the mitochondrial membrane, a highly selective barrier that separates the mitochondrial matrix from the cytoplasm. This transport is mediated by a variety of proteins, including the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), a highly selective calcium channel responsible for the rapid uptake of Ca2+ into the mitochondrial matrix. Other proteins, such as the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCLX) and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), also play roles in calcium transport. The MCU is activated by changes in the cytosolic calcium concentration, allowing Ca2+ to enter the mitochondria and trigger a cascade of events, including activation of enzymes involved in energy production, such as the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Increased mitochondrial Ca2+ levels also activate signaling pathways that regulate apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death. The transport of calcium ions across the mitochondrial membrane is tightly regulated to maintain proper cellular function. Dysregulation of this process can lead to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.'
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Proteins (3)

Compounds (1)