nicotinamide metabolic process
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide, pyridine-3-carboxamide, the amide of nicotinic acid. It is a member of the B complex of vitamins and occurs widely in living organisms. [ISBN:0198506732]
Nicotinamide metabolism is a complex process that encompasses the synthesis, breakdown, and interconversion of nicotinamide and its related compounds. It plays a critical role in cellular energy production, DNA repair, and redox homeostasis. Nicotinamide is a vital component of NAD+, a coenzyme essential for various metabolic reactions, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the citric acid cycle. The process starts with the dietary intake of nicotinamide or its precursor, tryptophan. Tryptophan is converted to nicotinic acid through the kynurenine pathway, which can be further transformed into nicotinamide. Nicotinamide can be directly utilized in the biosynthesis of NAD+. NAD+ can be reduced to NADH, which is an essential electron carrier in various metabolic pathways. Nicotinamide can also be recycled back to NAD+ through the salvage pathway, involving the enzymes nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase (NAD synthetase). Nicotinamide metabolism is tightly regulated to maintain cellular NAD+ levels and support essential biological functions. Dysregulation of nicotinamide metabolism has been implicated in various disease conditions, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the intricacies of nicotinamide metabolism is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies targeting these conditions.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase | A nicotinamide N-methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P40261] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (12)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| benzamide | benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides. | benzamides | |
| 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified | isoquinolines | |
| quinoline | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines | ||
| isoquinoline | azaarene; isoquinolines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene | ||
| 6-aminonicotinamide | 6-aminonicotinamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-aminonicotinic acid with ammonia. An inhibitor of the NADP(+)-dependent enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, it interferes with glycolysis, resulting in ATP depletion and synergizes with DNA-crosslinking chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, in killing cancer cells. 6-Aminonicotinamide: A vitamin antagonist which has teratogenic effects. | aminopyridine; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary amino compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.1.1.44 (NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; teratogenic agent |
| sinefungin | adenosines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent | |
| n'-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide | N-methyl-6-pyridone-3-carboxamide : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted with a carboxamide group at C-5 and a methyl group at N-1. N'-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide: structure | methylpyridines; pyridinecarboxamide; pyridone | metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 4-Methoxybenzamide | benzamides | ||
| n(4)-adenosyl-n(4)-methyl-2,4-diaminobutanoic acid | |||
| s-adenosylhomocysteine | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions. | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |
| thionicotinamide | |||
| quinoline-3-carboxamide | quinoline-3-carboxamide: structure in first source |