dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
Dopamine biosynthesis begins with the amino acid tyrosine, which is transported into dopaminergic neurons. Tyrosine is then hydroxylated by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to form L-DOPA (levodopa). This step requires molecular oxygen and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors. L-DOPA is then decarboxylated by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), also known as DOPA decarboxylase, to produce dopamine. This reaction removes the carboxyl group from L-DOPA, forming dopamine. The entire process can be summarized as follows: Tyrosine → L-DOPA → Dopamine. The biosynthesis of dopamine is a tightly regulated process, ensuring that the appropriate amount of dopamine is produced to meet the needs of the neuron. This regulation occurs at several levels, including the levels of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis pathway, the availability of substrates, and the activity of neurotransmitter transporters.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase | A tyrosine 3-monooxygenase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P07101] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (3)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| n-n-propylnorapomorphine | aporphine alkaloid | ||
| monoiodotyrosine | 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent. Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine. | amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 11-hydroxy-n-(n-propyl)noraporphine hydrochloride, (r)-isomer |